Explaining The Theory Of Black Holes In Detail. 2020 Nobel Prize Went To Black Hole.

 The winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize have been announced. But sadly, Stephen William Hawking, a scientist and cosmologist, is no longer with us. We will always miss him. The Nobel Prize will be awarded to three scientists Roger Penrose, Peinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez. This time the Nobel Prize is given for explaining the theoretically and mathematically to black hole and finding the supermassive black hole in the centre of the Milky Way galaxy.

This is very big achievement in the field of astrophysics. Hopefully in the future we will continue to receive information on the discoveries made by these scientists. The Nobel Prize will be awarded to scientists on December 10, 2020. Now we try to understand the black holes. Black holes is something we now a lot about, but not everything. Today we have information about black holes, theories, artistic illustrations, computer simulations and most important a picture of it. 

Scientists work day and night to understand black holes because they are an object that have no laws of physics. These are ones that can twist time and space. Let’s go deeper into this, and talk about the super massive black hole Sagittarius A in our galaxy and what’s going on near it and inside it. Most importantly, you need to know about the closest black ever found near the Earth. It is so close that it can be seen through a normal telescope.   

About 100 years ago, the great physicist Sir Albert Einstein, in his theory of Special Relativity, proposed the possibility of an object whose gravity must be infinite. That pulls everything that comes close to with its Mighty Gravity.  It won't even let light particles out.  But a hundred years later, our scientists have succeeded in capturing the image of that object.  This is a black hole m87.

It is in the centre of the Messier M87 galaxy and present in the Virgo constellation. This black hole is 55 million light years away from us. This once again proved Albert Einstein's theory correct. The picture of a black hole is a way for us to look back in the time. Because the black hole is as far away from us as the light years the picture is just as old.  This means that the picture of m87 is 55 million years old. Black holes are in a way completely invisible object in space. The scientist was able to see the black hole on the m87 because its accretion disc.

The accretion disk

 The accretion disk of a black hole is the only thing that allows us to easily capture image of a black hole. This disc surrounds the black hole. It revolves around black holes in the form of a disc of matter and gases. Because whenever a black hole swallows an object, that object does not enter the black hole directly.  Rather, it seems to be slowly accumulation in the dust around in the disc.

Then all matter seems to revolve around it.  This accretion disk can be extending of millions of miles.  It revolves quite fast with approximately the speed of light.  This produces a considerable   amount of heat, light and energy.  This makes the accretion disk glow.  We can never see a black hole directly.  It will be like trying to see something in the dark with a transparent glass.  if scientists look an object surrounded by an orange disc and its Centre appears to be black, they will understand that it is a black hole.

 Sagittarius a

 Sagittarius a black hole is the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. It exists at the distance of 26000 light years from us. Scientists believe that this is Sagittarius a black hole or sag a star may have been quite violent in its early days. But now it is quite calm. Its mass is up to 4.6 million times that of our Sun.  in 2010, giant bubble Above and below the centre of the Milky Way galaxy were detected in about 30 thousand light years.  This may be evidence that the sag a black hole have swallowed up a star around it or another black hole.

 Scientists believed the bubble was a kind of cosmic belch. NASA space telescope fermies detected a huge bubble of ultra-high energy of gamma rays. Sagittarius an is a supermassive black hole. This is not in the centre of Milky Way galaxy but this is a centre of the Milky Way galaxy.  This black hole is much more non-violent than the black hole in the centre of other galaxies.

 But researches over the decades suggest that this may not be true.  The recently published journal of astronomy and Astrophysics Stated that Sagittarius a star is an active black hole.  In fact, constant monitoring has shown that it produces a lot of bright flares.  From 1999 to 2015, the number of these flares is estimated at more than a hundred.  Constantly observing Sagittarius a has also seen fluctuations and its brightness from time to time. 

This is a direct indication that it is still an active black hole.  Scientists keep an eye on it by observing it with X-rays and infrared light.  In addition, last year up to 70 times more bright flare. This means that it is not at all calm yet. 

Tidal disruption event

The brightest flare was observed with near-infrared wavelength.  Scientists believe that it may have swallowed a star a short time ago. This is called a tidal disruption event.  In this event a star comes contact with a supermassive black hole.  It is then pulled by its tidal near the black hole like a Spaghetti. The whole matter of that star would be pulled into that black hole like a long wire. This process is called spaghettification. But that's not concern. Because it is a 26000 light years away from us. This is the story of our supermassive Black Hole.

Schwarzschild radius

But now let's talk about why black holes are considered to be the most mysterious object in the entire universe. What is it that makes them the monster of the universe?  Look at any object around you; everything can be transformed into a black hole. Because everything has a Schwarzschild radius. If we move an object to its Schwarzschild radius, it changes to a singularity. Then its gravity will swallow everything that comes in contact with. Remember that a coin sized black hole could swallow the entire Earth. For example, our Earth’s Schwarzschild Radius Is only about the size of a single coin.

 Means the earth can be compressed to an inch and our sun’s Schwarzschild Radius Is only three kilometres. This concept it was explained by Karl Schwarzschild. But it is not yet possible to do so. By the way, we know in the universe that is how a black hole is born. Black holes are considered to be the end point of everything. Whether we talk about the stars all the planets for ourselves.

Singularity

 When a star dies, it does not die completely. A star many times larger than the sun, after becoming a Supernova, survives in the form of a core as large as only 20 kilometres.

But this is not the end of a star, but the beginning of the birth of the most powerful object in the universe. This is a supermassive black hole. The remaining faces a force called Gravity.  Gravity keeps collapsing inside the core until its particle space is completely exhausted.  Then it reaches the point where all our thinking ends, a singularity.  A point we called singularity absorbs every particle of matter with its infinite Gravity. Gravity seems to be a common concept until it is deeply understood.  Most of us known that it attracts everything. We are always under the influence its influence from birth to death. This is considered to be the weakest force.  But when we look at a black hole; we have to think about gravity again. Gravity is the most mysterious force in the universe.

 The fabric of space and time

We also don't know what gravity causes the particles to work. In fact, it can be so powerful that it can change the fabric of space and time.  Let's understand this in-depth. Before Einstein, space and time were considered separated. Einstein then stated in his theory of relativity e that time and space is two sides of the same coin. This means that if there is any change in space then there is also a change in time. , so we must hear that if we travel in that space close at the speed of light then time would be very slow for us. This is called time dilation.

 But let's talk about how gravity affects space. In fact, the higher the gravity, the more distorted in the space-time fabric is. Everything has its own mass and that curves the spacer fabric. But in the same space-time fabric, the curve gets worse near the supermassive black hole. These are considered to be the cosmic drain of the universe. Because it is the last point of everything that goes into it. To date, no one has been able to say for sure what is going on inside a Black hole. The mass of a black hole is the same as the material it would have swallowed.  It squeezes a mountain like object so hard that it reaches the size of just a grain of sand.  So their mass may be many millions of time larger than the sun but their size will be only 10 to 20 times larger than the sun.

 The Stretch in time

 They can be also called a huge time machine. Because they have a very slow time.  If one tries to get close to a black hole in a spaceship, one will see that it that the trajectory of that spaceship started to change because it was a changing the surrounding space. Light also enters it by moving around it. Its gravity pulls us toward it, and we have to rotate with the accretion disk of the black hole.  If we look at our watch right now, time will be running very slowly. We now have a reality in front of us that is generally considered Impossible on earth.  The time travel.

 After spending sometime here, we can go a long way in a time. But near the black hole’s Event Horizon, We see that time has completely stopped for us. No one can see a falling object inside a Black hole from distant. For him, that thing will always stay with Event Horizon. He will never see that fall into a black hole. But the reality starts after you enter the Event Horizon. This is beyond our imagination. Even our common sense about it is of no use.

 To date, no one has been able to explain exactly what could be going on inside the black hole. Astrophysicists have come up with many theories about this.  Scientists believe that it contains all the information that would have been swallowed by it. We can see the history of the entire Universe in front of us. Falling into a black hole will be like a falling over the waterfall. All the matter will be deposited inside it and its particles will keep spinning at the speed of light. These particles will have a lot of energy.  It all happens in the inner Horizon of a black hole. Black holes are considered to be the end point of everything.

Birth to the new universe

 There is a saying that if the beginning is known then the end is known and if the end is known than the beginning can be known. I mean, there is probably the black hole that gave birth to the new universe.  This is why many scientists believe that our universe is a moving inside a Black hole. Scientists say that it all this energy is being stored inside the black hole to create a special situation. For the big bang of a new universe.

So it would not be wrong to say that our universe is also made up of a black hole.  This would be formed in a pre-existing universe.  There is a probability singularity within the inner Horizon of the black hole. These are probably like tunnels spread across different universe. Now we can understand why black holes are considered to be such a mysterious object in the entire universe.  Scientists keep trying to understand them in depth because they can tell us a lot about the origin of our universe. 

 Did you know?

 Scientists have been monitoring Telescopic or hr6819, the binary star system, Telescopium Constellation for many years. This year a black hole has been discovered in this binary star system using the radial velocity method.  This star system is 11 hundred light years away from us. It is currently a non-violent black hole. It is four times more massive than our Sun. It can be easily seen through telescopes Telescopium constellation.

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