'Methuselah' Or PSRB1620-26B, Formation And Presence Of Planet Will Definitely Astound You.

 

13 billion years have passed since the beginning of our universe. Why this happened and what was the reason behind it and what happened before is still a mystery today. But every year, with discoveries in space, scientists are getting closer to solving this first. In this effort today we will discuss a planet which is the first or the oldest planet in the entire universe. When scientists calculated the age of this planet, they concluded that it is 12.7 billion years old. Exactly one billion years after the big bang.  It is only 1 billion years less old than the entire universe.

This planet has disproved all the theories of scientists about the creation of planets because this planet shouldn’t really exist, but it is.So let’s have an in-depth discussion of when and how the scientist discovered this. In 1988, astronomers were studying a Globular Cluster in the constellation scorpion. This constellation is at a distance of 7500 light years away from us. If you don’t about the clusters then these are the groups of stars. There are two types of cluster, Open star cluster and Globular star cluster. These clusters are formed when a star gravitationally attracts the stars around them and form a group of stars.

These clusters are found outside galaxies. Globular clusters types of clusters contain range from 20000 stars to 1 million stars. The stars in these clusters are quite ancient. The stars in it are about 12.7 billion years old. Globular cluster can range From 50 to 400 light years.

These clusters are spherical. In it the stars Orbit the Galactic Core. In these clusters,  the stars

Globular clusters

are tightly bound by their Gravity ,but they continue to orbit galaxies. Ask for the open Star cluster, unlike this globular clusters, it has a very small number of stars about 1000 to 10000. Some open clusters combine to form a local group of clusters and some local groups combine to form a super cluster. Our Milky Way galaxy is also part of the Laniakea Super cluster.  This is what happened to the clusters.

 Now let's talk about our planets which were found in the year 1988 in the nearest globular cluster messier 4 or M4 which is officially named NGC 6121.  In fact, scientists were studying the Pulsar in this cluster called PSR B1620-26 A. Pulsar are very energetic object present in this universe. Pulsar actually forms after being a supernova in a star. The cores of the stars that survive after the explosion become one of the three objects. Which are Megnatar, Pulsar and neutron star.

The remaining core of the star will become one of these three things. It depends on the many things inside the star. Such as the elements, mass and size of that star.  According to scientists, these objects rotate very fast around their axis.  Because their self-Gravity is very high. Pulsar rotates up to 150 times per second. They emit very large amount of Electromagnetic radiation as they rotate.  These pulsars can also be seen from Earth.  Because they create a very bright glowing pulse effect.  That is why they got this name.  But when the scientists looked at the PSRb16 2026 A, they noticed that its electromagnetic radiation beam was intermittently reaching the earth. Scientific research and mathematical equations have shown that there are two objects in this system. It was a white dwarf star. This white dwarf star was named WDB 16 2026.

Neutron star

This was considered a Binary System. But then in a 1992 to a team of scientists discovered another object that was a planet. Scientists challenge by this planet to disprove the whole theory of planetary formation. This planet was named p s r b 1620 26 b, a gas Giant planet. It is three times older than our Earth. It is located at a distant of 12400 in light years from our Earth. The radius of this planet is about 65000 kilometres.

 In terms of its mass, it is more than twice that of Jupiter.  It orbits its main star, a Pulsar, at a distance of 23 astronomical unit and it completes one cycle in about 100 years.  The planet temperature stays hundreds of degree below zero.

It was a planet whose age and existence astonished scientists in every way. Because it was the only planet found in the entire M4 or messier 4 globular star clusters. The age calculated by scientists was 12.7 billion years. Another surprise is that finding a planet near a Pulsar and a white dwarf is nothing short of a miracle. Because Pulsar form in a star after a Supernova. A supernova explosion of a star is more powerful than we can think.

 The destruction of a supernova can be seen from many light years away. This shakes even the farthest planet. So, it is only possible to find a planet near a Pulsar, if that planet is made of very solid material.  Only then will be able to survive its host star's Supernova.  According to scientists, the planet is a gas giant.

 So to survive Supernova, they must be impossible even for a gas planet.  But this plant is a disproving all our assumptions and proving its existence.  That is impossible.  The second reason is that there was no massive material in the universe after the big bang.  At that time only hydrogen and Helium gases were present and a planet can't be made up of just hydrogen and helium. But the reality is that this planet exits and has maintained its existence even today.

The third reason is that to date we have not found any planet in any globular cluster. It is the only planet and first planet to be found in a globular cluster. Regarding its creation, a scientist says that it must have been born along with its host star. Planets cannot form in any globular cluster because the gravity of the stars will not allow any planet to form. Clusters contain only stars and have a very high gravitational interaction. Even if a planet were to form in the cluster, it would have little chance of surviving. But this planet has been overcoming all these challenges and has made its presence known

The core accretion model

We take the help of the core accretion model regarding the composition of the planet. According to this, a star is born with a cloud of dust and gas. Which surrounds it in the shape of a disk and after the formation of stars, planets are formed. But Methuselah planet and its star must be of the same age. But the question also arises that in the beginning only hydrogen and helium gasses existed which made the star and from the dust of all of them other stars and then planets made. The bursting of the early stars gave birth to heavy material. From which everything came.

But now looking at Methuselah or PSRB1620-26B, it is clear that there was heavy material with hydrogen and helium in the beginning. With which such ancient planets were born and this ancient planets still exists today. Which are massive planets like Jupiter. From this we can infer in that formation of stars and planets begin only after the big bang and it was happening at a fairly fast pace. It is the oldest planet ever discovered by scientists. So far we have not found an ancient planet from it. This planet is part of its circumbinary planetary system. This orbits its two host stars, one a pulsar and one a white dwarf star. This planet is known by its very famous name “Methuselah”.

This planet is named after a biblical character “Methuselah”. Who had the longest life span of about 969 years. This name is perfect for this planet. The universe works beyond our comprehension. The more we try to understand it, the more new questions it puts in front of us. It is so full of mysteries that many births are not enough to solve the riddle. Scientists, physicists and astronomers work day and night to find answers to these questions, what is the secret of this universe.